Pubmed & Literature Retrieval

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# Pubmed & Literature Retrieval
## ピロリ菌セミナー
### 王　超辰 | Chaochen Wang
### 2019-02-18

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# 目標 objectives

- Pubmedを知って，使ってもらう Understand what is Pubmed and how to use it.

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## 効率的に文献を探すために how to find literature efficiently?

- ツール Tool

- 戦略 Strategy

- 統合，秩序 Organization

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## 文献とはなーに？ What is literature?

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#### ある研究結果のまとめ？専門家から系統的な意見を発表する？ Papers with results and records of research, study, experience, experiment, or observation.

#### 今までわかったこと，別の研究者の同じ問題について考え方などを載せてある． What have been done/known so far, and what others think about this issue.

#### 教科書や科学雑誌に採用される文章？ Papers published in textbooks or scientific journals (Science, Nature, etc.)

#### 教科書は比較的にアップデートされるのが遅い傾向がある． Textbooks are usually updated rarely and out-of-date.

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## なぜ検索しなければならない？ Why do we need literature retrieval?

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### 文献検索の目的

- ある病気の定義をはっきりしたい，自分が習った時の定義と変わったか？ To Clear the definition of something
	- Example: 日本人の中に胃がん患者の数/割合を知りたい I want to know the number of patients with gastric cancer in Japan.
	- 胃がんの定義とは？ What is gastric cancer?
	- ICD10: [**C16***](https://www.icd10data.com/ICD10CM/Codes/C00-D49/C15-C26/C16-)

- ある研究トピックの背景知識を学びたい To find the background knowledge of the topic. 
	- Example: 2型糖尿病のリスクファクター Risk factors for diabetes.
	- わかったこと：家族歴，肥満，運動不足，遺伝的要因，家族歴
	- 未解明なこと：以上のリスクファクターはそれぞれどれぐらい糖尿病の発症を説明できる？
	
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### Pubmed

- What is [**Pubmed**?](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?otool=ijpamulib)

- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed

- Free search engine accessing the [**MEDLINE data base**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MEDLINE) on life science and biomedical topics.

- More than 25,000,000 papers are indexed in the database.

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### 学内リンク

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### 検索ルール searching rules

- 前方一致検索 Truncation: **bacter*** = bacteria, bacterium, bacteriophage, etc.

- フレーズ検索 phrase search: "peptic ulcer", "gastric cancer", "quality of life", etc.

- 著者名 author names (paper published after 2002): [**Shogo Kikuchi [au]**](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Shogo+Kikuchi%5Bau%5D)

- 雑誌名 [**Journal names**](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog/journals): BMJ = British Medical Journal; JAMA = The Journal of the American Medical Association

- 検索ワード Search terms: [**Medical Subject Heading (MeSH)**](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh)

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# MeSH terms

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## ブール演算子 boolean operators

MUST BE IN UPPERCASE (大文字)

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### 7 Steps of Searching - 戦略

1. Define your topic

2. Break the topic into **individual concepts**

3. Define words or phrases to **describe the individual concepts**

4. Search each concept as **separate set**

5. Combining the search sets with **AND, OR, NOT**

6. **Display and evaluate** the results

7. Refine your search: **limit or broaden**

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# Example 1: Search for articles about influenza published in the New England Journal of Medicine

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# Example 2: Search for review articles about influenza published in the recent 5 years, which related with vaccine.

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# Example 3: Search for review articles about influenza vaccine in patients with diabetes, published in the recent 5 years.

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